Hereditary angioedema, also known as HAE, is a rare genetic disorder that causes unpredictable swelling episodes in different parts of the body. For many people, the condition first appears in childhood and worsens during the teenage years. It can be confusing and even frightening without the right diagnosis and treatment. HAE symptoms hereditary angioedema can vary in intensity, frequency, and location, which makes understanding the different types of HAE very important for managing the condition.

What is Hereditary Angioedema?

HAE is a genetic disorder that causes swelling in the skin, lungs, and lining of the gut. It may also appear in the throat, which can block airflow and become a medical emergency. HAE is different from allergic reactions because it doesn’t respond to common treatments like antihistamines or corticosteroids. The swelling is not caused by histamine release but by a lack or dysfunction of a protein called C1 esterase inhibitor. In most cases, people either don’t have enough of this protein or the protein doesn’t work properly. This causes fluid to leak from blood vessels into surrounding tissues, resulting in painful and sometimes dangerous swelling.

If one of your parents has had this disorder, there is a 50% likelihood that you can have it as well. This is why it is referred to as hereditary, and it’s uncommon for people who do not have a familial trait for it. 

HAE Symptoms

Typical symptoms include sudden and severe swelling in the face, hands, feet, abdomen and airway areas. They can happen randomly or be triggered by things like stress, injury, surgery, or certain medications. While not every episode is life-threatening, it becomes a cause for serious concern when swelling occurs in the throat or tongue, blocking airways. The episodes usually develop over several hours and may last a few days after as well. 

Hereditary Angioedema Type 3 Symptoms

HAE type 3 is the rarest form of the disorder and does not involve a deficiency or dysfunction of the C1 inhibitor protein. This type is usually harder to diagnose because if a doctor does standard blood tests, the results can say everything is all good. The symptoms are similar to the other types, like the facial swelling, abdominal pain, and potential airway blockages, but the onset usually occurs later in life, like after puberty. 

Type 3 can also be misdiagnosed or overlooked, especially in women. Symptoms often worsen during hormonal changes like pregnancy, menstruation, or while using hormonal birth control. Because of this, some people may not receive the right treatment or may not be diagnosed for years.

Conclusion

Understanding HAE symptoms hereditary angioedema is key to getting the right treatment and improving quality of life. While type 3 may be rare and often misdiagnosed, it’s just as important to recognize the signs and seek proper medical care. No matter the type, early diagnosis and a clear treatment plan can help make this rare condition more manageable. Always contact your family doctor if you notice unexplained swelling or suspect symptoms related to HAE.