Xalacom (Latanoprost - Timolol Maleate)

Description

Xalacom is an ophthalmic solution that combines two active ingredients: Latanoprost and Timolol Maleate. Latanoprost belongs to a class of medications known as prostaglandin analogs, while Timolol Maleate is a beta-blocker. Together, they work by reducing the pressure inside the eye, addressing conditions such as open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Patients might use Xalacom eye drops when other treatments, like topical beta-blockers or prostaglandin analogs alone, have not been sufficient.

Directions

The standard Xalacom dosage is one drop into the affected eye(s) once daily, preferably in the evening. Before using Xalacom, users should remove contact lenses and wait at least 15 minutes before reinserting them to avoid potential absorption by soft lenses due to benzalkonium chloride in the solution.

Proper application involves tilting the head back, pulling down the eyelid to create a small pocket, and releasing a drop into it without the dropper touching the eye or surrounding areas to prevent contamination. After applying the drop, close the eye for 1 to 2 minutes to allow for absorption. Avoid blinking or rubbing the eye immediately after application. If using another topical eye medication, wait at least 5 minutes before applying it.

Ingredients

Latanoprost and Timolol Maleate are the active ingredients in Xalacom.

Contraindications

Avoid using Xalacom if any of the following apply:

• Reactive airway diseases, such as bronchial asthma or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• A history of bronchial asthma
• Sinus bradycardia, which is a slower than normal heart rate at rest
• Sick sinus syndrome, a collection of heart rhythm disorders
• Sino-atrial block, an impairment of the heart's electrical impulses
• Second or third degree atrioventricular block, which are types of heart block
• History of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to Xalacom or any ingredients in the medication

Cautions

• Before using Xalacom, ensure you provide your healthcare provider with the following information:
  • Existing health conditions
  • Known allergies
  • A list of all the medications you are currently taking
  • Your pregnancy or breastfeeding status
• This medication contains benzalkonium chloride, which can be absorbed by contact lenses. Avoid wearing contact lenses with this medication.
• Latanoprost in Xalacom may permanently darken the color of your eyes by increasing brown pigment.
• If you have a history of herpes keratitis, use Xalacom with extra caution as it may worsen the condition.
• Xalacom may cause changes in eyelid color and increase the length, thickness, and number of your eyelashes.
• Macular edema, a type of swelling in the back of the eye, has been reported, especially in patients with certain eye conditions or following eye surgery.
• Timolol, a component of Xalacom, can affect the heart and lungs; use with caution if you have related health issues.
• Discuss with your doctor before undergoing any surgery as Xalacom can affect heart response and blood pressure control during anesthesia.
• If you are diabetic, monitor your blood sugar closely as Timolol can mask symptoms of low blood sugar.
• Beta-blockers in Xalacom can mask symptoms of hyperthyroidism, and sudden discontinuation can worsen the condition.
• Those with myasthenia gravis should be aware that Xalacom might increase muscle weakness.
• Beta-blockers may increase the severity of allergic reactions and make standard treatments less effective.
• Use cautiously if you have corneal diseases or experience dry eyes, as Xalacom can worsen these conditions.

Side Effects

Xalacom may cause a noticeable change in eye color over time, particularly increasing the brown pigment in the iris, especially in individuals with multi-colored eyes. This change is gradual and permanent. Users might also experience eye irritation, including burning, itching, and the feeling of something in the eye. These reactions are generally mild and do not require discontinuation of treatment.

Xalacom can significantly affect heart function. Users should immediately consult their doctor if they notice any heart-related changes such as irregular heartbeat or chest pain. The medication can also trigger serious allergic reactions characterized by swelling, breathing difficulties, and severe rashes, necessitating urgent medical attention. Long-term use might lead to complications like vision changes or sensitivity to light, which should be monitored closely by a healthcare provider.

References:

1. Xalacom (Latanoprost - Timolol Maleate) Drug Labeling. Pfizer Pakistan Limited; 2016.
2. Xalacom (Latanoprost - Timolol Maleate) Drug Label Information. Puurs-Sint-Amands, Belgium: Pfizer Manufacturing Belgium NV; 2023.

About Dr. Gerardo Sison (Page Author)

An honors graduate of the University of Florida, Dr. Sison started his pharmacy career in a community setting, extending his services to hospitals and clinics over time. He has also worked in medication therapy management, advising patients on proper medication use for their chronic health conditions. Read More....