Theophylline LA

Description

Theophylline LA is a bronchodilator that relaxes muscles in the airways to improve breathing. Classified as a methylxanthine derivative, which means it's chemically related to caffeine, theophylline helps people manage symptoms of lung conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and emphysema. It works by blocking certain enzymes (phosphodiesterases), which leads to a decrease in inflammation and relaxation of smooth muscle in the airways. Theophylline is typically used when symptoms are not controlled by other, more commonly used medications.

Directions

Take the capsules by mouth, typically once a day or as advised by a healthcare professional. The exact dosage depends on a person’s medical condition, response to treatment, age, weight, and blood levels of theophylline, which should be monitored regularly. For adults, the daily dosage may range from 200 to 300 mg twice daily or 400 to 600 mg once daily, but the specific dosage for each individual should be determined by a healthcare provider. It's important to take this medication on a regular schedule and to not alter the dose or frequency without consulting a doctor. Swallow the sustained-release tablets or capsules whole; do not crush, chew, or break them, as this could release all the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects.

Ingredients

Theophylline is the active ingredient in the medication.

Contraindications

Avoid using this medication if any of the following apply:

• Known hypersensitivity to theophylline or any components of the formulation.
• Coronary artery disease
• Stomach ulcers
• The use of theophylline with ephedrine in children

Cautions

• Before taking theophylline, you may want to consult a healthcare provider about the following:
• Any existing health conditions
• Any allergies
• A list of all medications you are currently taking
• Whether you are pregnant or breastfeeding

• Theophylline can cause serious and sometimes life-threatening side effects if the dose is too high. Overdose may lead to fast or irregular heartbeat, seizures, low blood pressure, and even death—sometimes without early warning signs like nausea or restlessness. Your doctor may recommend regular blood tests to monitor the amount of theophylline in your system and help prevent toxicity.
• Theophylline is not a rescue medication and should not be used in emergencies like severe asthma attacks. It's used for long-term management—not immediate relief.
• How fast your body clears theophylline varies from person to person. Smokers and children often clear it faster and may need higher doses. Elderly adults, people with liver problems, or those on certain diets may clear it slower and need smaller doses.
• Many common medications—including antibiotics and acid reducers—can raise theophylline levels and increase the risk of side effects. Be sure to tell your doctor about all other medicines you’re taking.
• Theophylline may upset your stomach or cause shaking, nervousness, or trouble sleeping—especially if levels in your blood are too high. It can also increase stomach acid, so be careful if you’ve had ulcers.
• Theophylline passes through the placenta and into breast milk. If you're pregnant or nursing, your doctor will weigh the benefits against the possible risks for your baby.
• Theophylline isn’t recommended for young children. Dosing in older adults may also need to be reduced.

Side Effects

The most common side effects of theophylline include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and tremors, which can be early signs of toxicity. Headache, restlessness, and difficulty sleeping may also occur, particularly when blood levels of the drug are too high. In rare cases, seizures or dangerous heart rhythm changes may be the first symptoms of overdose, especially at high doses. If these symptoms appear, immediate medical attention is necessary.

Other possible side effects affect various systems in the body. Some people may experience dizziness, anxiety, skin rash, or allergic reactions. Cardiovascular effects such as rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, or flushing have also been reported. Less commonly, theophylline may cause urinary problems, increased blood sugar or uric acid levels, or gastrointestinal bleeding.

References

1. AA-Theo LA Product Monograph. Vaughan, Ontario : AA Pharma Inc.; 2022.
2. Apo-Theo ER Product Monograph. Toronto, Ontario: Apotex Inc.; 2021.

About Dr. Gerardo Sison (Page Author)

An honors graduate of the University of Florida, Dr. Sison started his pharmacy career in a community setting, extending his services to hospitals and clinics over time. He has also worked in medication therapy management, advising patients on proper medication use for their chronic health conditions. Read More....